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Trong những câu nói điều làm ra các hành động là Chủ Từ (Subject) và những điều nhận được hành động là đối tượng (object). Hầu hết các câu nói đều ở thể Chủ động.
[Điều tạo ra hành động] + [Động Từ] + [Điều nhận lấy Hành Động]
Bảng Chỉ dẩn các thể Chủ động và Thụ động
(Active / Passive Tenses Chart)
| Hiện Tại Đơn Giản và Quá Khứ Đơn Giản Các đối tượng Chủ Động trở thành chủ thể thụ động. am/is/are + past participle was/were + past participle | |
| Chủ Động: Hiện Tại Đơn Giản The movie fascinates me. The movie bores Jack. The movie surprises them. | Thụ Động: Hiện Tại Đơn Giản I am fascinated by the movie. Jack is bored by the movie. They are surprised by the movie. |
| Chủ Động: QÚA KHỨ ĐƠN GIẢN The movie bored me. The movie fascinated Jack. The movie surprised them. | Thụ Động: QÚA KHỨ ĐƠN GIẢN I was bored by the movie. Jack was fascinated by the movie. They were surprisedby the movie. |
| Hiện Tại và Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn (PROGRESSIVE) Thể Thụ Động: am/is/are + being + past participle was/were + being + past participle | |
| Chủ Động: Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn I am helping Shannon. June is helping Su and Ling. | Thụ Động: Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn Shannon is being helped by me. Su and Ling are being helped by June. |
| Chủ Động: Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn I was cleaning the bathroom. They were cleaning the bedroom. Susan was cleaning the kitchen and patio. | Thụ Động: Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn The bathroom was being cleaned by me. The bedroom was being cleaned by them. The kitchen and patio were being cleaned by Susan. |
| HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH, QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH và TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH Thể Thụ Động: have/has been + past participle had been + past participle | |
| Chủ Động: HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH I have mailed the gift. Jack has mailed the gifts. | Thụ Động: HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH The gift has been mailed by me. The gifts have been mailed by Jack. |
| Chủ Động: Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành Steven Spielberg had directed the movie. Penny Marshall had directed those movies. | Thụ Động: Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành The movie had been directed by Steven Spielberg. The movies had been directed by Penny Marshall. |
| Chủ Động: TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH John will have finished the project next month. They will have finished the projects before then. | Thụ Động: TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH The project will have been finished by next month. The projects will have been finished before then. |
| THÌ TƯƠNG LAI Thể Thụ Độngs: will + be + past participle is/are going to be + past participle | |
| Chủ Động: Future with WILL I will mail the gift. Jack will mail the gifts. | Thụ Động: Future with WILL The gift will be mailed by me. The gifts will be mailed by Jack. |
| Chủ Động: Future with GOING TO I am going to make the cake. Sue is going to make two cakes. | Thụ Động: Future with GOING TO The cake is going to be made by me. Two cakes are going to be made by Sue. |
| HIỆN TẠI / TƯƠNG LAI ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT Thể Thụ Động theo mẫu này: modal + be + past participle | |
| Chủ Động: WILL / WON'T (WILL NOT) Sharon will invite Tom to the party. Sharon won't invite Jeff to the party. (Sharon will not invite Jeff to the party.) | Thụ Động: WILL / WON'T (WILL NOT) Tom will be invited to the party by Sharon. Jeff won't be invited to the party by Sharon. (Jeff will not be invited to the party by Sharon.) |
| Chủ Động: CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT) Mai can foretell the future. Terry can't foretell the future. (Terry can not foretell the future.) | Thụ Động: CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT) The future can be foretold by Mai. The future can't be foretold by Terry. (The future can not be foretold by Terry.) |
| Chủ Động: MAY / MAY NOT Her company may give Katya a new office. The lazy students may not do the homework. MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Her company might give Katya a new office. The lazy students might not do the homework. | Thụ Động: MAY / MAY NOT Katya may be given a new office by her company. The homework may not be done by the lazy students. MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Katya might be given a new office by her company. The homework might not be done by the lazy students. |
| Chủ Động: SHOULD / SHOULDN'T Students should memorize English verbs. Children shouldn't smoke cigarettes. | Thụ Động: SHOULD / SHOULDN'T English verbs should be memorized by students. Cigarettes shouldn't be smoked by children. |
| Chủ Động: OUGHT TO Students ought to learn English verbs. (negative ought to is rarely used) | Thụ Động: OUGHT TO English verbs ought to be memorized by students. |
| Chủ Động: HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT Students had better practice English every day. Children had better not drink whiskey. | Thụ Động: HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT English had better be practiced every day by students. Whiskey had better not be drunk by children. |
| Chủ Động: MUST / MUST NOT Tourists must apply for a passport to travel abroad. Customers must not use that door. | Thụ Động: MUST / MUST NOT A passport to travel abroad must be applied for. That door must not be used by customers. |
| Chủ Động: HAS TO / HAVE TO She has to practice English every day. Sara and Miho have to wash the dishes every day. DOESN'T HAVE TO/ DON'T HAVE TO Maria doesn't have to clean her bedroom every day. The children don't have to clean their bedrooms every day. | Thụ Động: HAS TO / HAVE TO English has to be practiced every day. The dishes have to be washed by them every day. DOESN'T HAVE TO/ DON'T HAVE TO Her bedroom doesn't have to be cleaned every day. Their bedrooms don't have to be cleaned every day. |
| Chủ Động: BE SUPPOSED TO I am supposed to type the composition. I am not supposed to copy the stories in the book. Janet is supposed to clean the living room. She isn't supposed to eat candy and gum. They are supposed to make dinner for the family. They aren't supposed to make dessert. | Thụ Động: BE SUPPOSED TO The composition is supposed to be typed by me. The stories in the book are not supposed to be copied. The living room is supposed to be cleaned by Janet. Candy and gum aren't supposed to be eaten by her. Dinner for the family is supposed to be made by them. Dessert isn't supposed to be made by them. |
| QUÁ KHỨ ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT Thể Quá Khứ Thụ Động theo mẫu này: modal + have been + past participle | |
| Chủ Động: SHOULD HAVE / SHOULDN'T HAVE The students should have learned the verbs. The children shouldn't have broken the window. | Thụ Động: SHOULD HAVE / SHOULDN'T HAVE The verbs should have been learned by the students. The window shouldn't have been broken by the children. |
| Chủ Động: OUGHT TO Students ought to have learned the verbs. (negative ought to is rarely used) | Thụ Động: OUGHT TO The verbs ought to have been learned by the students. |
| Chủ Động: BE SUPPOSED TO (past time) I was supposed to type the composition. I wasn't supposed to copy the story in the book. Janet was supposed to clean the living room. She wasn't supposed to eat candy and gum. Frank and Jane were supposed to make dinner. They weren't supposed to make dessert. | Thụ Động: BE SUPPOSED TO (past time) The composition was supposed to be typed by me. The story in the book wasn't supposed to be copied. The living room was supposed to be cleaned by Janet. Candy and gum weren't supposed to be eaten by her. Dinner was supposed to be made by them. Dessert wasn't supposed to be made by them. |
| Chủ Động: MAY / MAY NOT That firm may have offered Katya a new job. The students may not have written the paper. MIGHT / MIGHT NOT That firm might have offered Katya a new job. The students might not have written the paper. | Thụ Động: MAY / MAY NOT Katya may have been offered a new job by that firm. The paper may not have been written by the students. MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Katya might have been offered a new job by that firm. The paper might not have been written by the students. |
Thảo luận, ý kiến hay thắc mắc
Cập nhập lần cuối cùng lúc 8:30h ngày 30 tháng 10 2012
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